Apa itu Social Network?

Posted by : Azhar Fauzan Dz Selasa, 01 September 2009

A. Pengertian Jejaring Sosial
Jejaring sosial adalah struktur sosial yang terdiri dari elemen-elemen individual atau organisasi. Jejaring ini menunjukan jalan dimana mereka berhubungan karena kesamaan sosialitas, mulai dari mereka yang dikenal sehari-hari sampai dengan keluarga. Istilah ini diperkenalkan oleh profesor J.A. Barnes di tahun 1954.
Jejaring sosial adalah suatu struktur sosial yang dibentuk dari simpul-simpul (yang umumnya adalah individu atau organisasi) yang diikat dengan satu atau lebih tipe relasi spesifik seperti nilai, visi, ide, teman, keturunan, dll.
B. Sejarah Jejaring Sosial
Sejak komputer dapat dihubungkan satu dengan lainnya dengan adanya internet banyak upaya awal untuk mendukung jejaring sosial melalui komunikasi antar komputer.
Situs jejaring sosial diawali oleh Classmates.com pada tahun 1995 yang berfokus pada hubungan antar mantan teman sekolah dan SixDegrees.com pada tahun 1997 yang membuat ikatan tidak langsung. Dua model berbeda dari jejaring sosial yang lahir sekitar pada tahun 1999 adalah berbasiskan kepercayaan yang dikembangkan oleh Epinions.com, dan jejaring sosial yang berbasiskan pertemanan seperti yang dikembangkan oleh Uskup Jonathan yang kemudian dipakai pada beberapa situs UK regional di antara 1999 dan 2001. Inovasi meliputi tidak hanya memperlihatkan siapa berteman dengan siapa, tetapi memberikan pengguna kontrol yang lebih akan isi dan hubungan. Pada tahun 2005, suatu layanan jejaring sosial MySpace, dilaporkan lebih banyak diakses dibandingkan Google dengan Facebook, pesaing yang tumbuh dengan cepat.
Jejaring sosial mulai menjadi bagian dari strategi internet bisnis sekitar tahun 2005 ketika Yahoo meluncurkan Yahoo! 360°. Pada bulan juli 2005 News Corporation membeli MySpace, diikuti oleh ITV (UK) membeli Friends Reunited pada Desember 2005. Diperkirakan ada lebih dari 200 situs jejaring sosial menggunakan model jejaring sosial ini.
C. Layanan Jejaring Sosial
Banyak layanan jejaring sosial berbasiskan web yang menyediakan kumpulan cara yang beragam bagi pengguna untuk dapat berinteraksi seperti chat, messaging, email, video, chat suara, share file, blog, diskusi grup, dan lain-lain. Umumnya jejaring sosial memberikan layanan untuk membuat biodata dirinya. Pengguna dapat meng-upload foto dirinya dan dapat menjadi teman dengan pengguna lainnya. Beberapa jejaring sosial memiliki fitur tambahan seperti pembuatan grup untuk dapat saling sharing didalamnya.
D. List Jaringan Sosial
Name  ↑ Description/Focus  ↓ Registered users  ↓ Registration  ↓ Global Alexa[1] Page ranking  ↓
Adult FriendFinder Adults Only Dating/Hook-up Network &0000000033000000.00000033,000,000[2] Open &0000000000000071.00000071[3]
Advogato Free and open source software developers &0000000000013575.00000013,575[4] Open &0000000000118124.000000118,124[5]
Amie Street Music Open &0000000000030628.00000030,628[6]
ANobii Books &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open &0000000000013111.00000013,111[7]
aSmallWorld European jet set and social elite &0000000000270000.000000270,000[8] Invite-only &0000000000011655.00000011,655[9]
Athlinks Running, Swimming &0000000000068496.00000068,496[10] Open &0000000000107826.000000107,826[11]
Avatars United Online games. Open &0000000000302122.000000302,122[12]
Badoo General, Popular in Europe c &0000000037000000.00000037,000,000[13] Open to people 18 and older &0000000000000146.000000146[14]
Bebo General. &0000000040000000.00000040,000,000[15] Open to people 13 and older &0000000000000148.000000148[16]
Bigadda Indian Social Networking Site. &0000000003000000.0000003,000,000[17] Open to people 16 and older. &0000000000002900.0000002,900[18]
Biip Norwegian Community. &0000000000013476.000000 Requires Norwegian phone number. &0000000000016645.00000016,645[19]
BlackPlanet African-Americans &0000000020000000.00000020,000,000[20] Open &0000000000001226.0000001,226[21]
Broadcaster.com Video sharing and webcam chat &0000000000322715.000000322,715[22] Open
Buzznet Music and pop-culture &0000000010000000.00000010,000,000[23] Open &0000000000000498.000000498[24]
CafeMom Mothers &0000000001250000.0000001,250,000[25] Open to moms and moms-to-be &0000000000003090.0000003,090[26]
Cake Financial Investing &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Care2 Green living and social activism &0000000009961947.0000009,961,947[27] Open
Classmates.com School, college, work and the military &0000000050000000.00000050,000,000[28] Open &0000000000000923.000000923[29]
Cloob General. Popular in Iran. &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
College Tonight College students. &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 requires an e-mail address with an ".edu" ending
CouchSurfing Worldwide network for making connections between travelers and the local communities they visit. &0000000001118447.0000001,118,447[30] Open
DailyStrength Medical & emotional support community - Physical health, Mental health, Support groups Open &0000000000017465.00000017,465[31]
DeviantART Art community &0000000009040962.0000009,040,962[32] Open &0000000000000119.000000119[33]
Disaboom People with disabilities. (Amputee, cerebral palsy, MS, and other disabilities.) &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
dol2day Politic community, Social network, Internet radio (German-speaking countries) &0000000000040200.00000040,200[34] Open
DontStayIn Clubbing (primarily UK) &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Draugiem.lv General (primarily LV, LT, HU) &0000000002400000.0000002,400,000 Invitation only
Elftown Community and wiki around Fantasy and sci-fi. &0000000000185000.000000185,000[35] Open, approval needed
Eons.com For baby boomers &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 13 and older &0000000000013675.00000013,675[36]
Epernicus For research scientists &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Experience Project Life experiences &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Exploroo Travel Social Networking. Open &0000000000159000.000000159,000[37]
Facebook General. &0000000250000000.000000250,000,000[38] Open to people 13 and older &0000000000000003.0000003[39]
Faceparty General. Popular UK. &0000000000200000.000000200,000[40] Invitation only to people 18 and older. &0000000000002481.0000002,481[41]
Faces.com British teens &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 13 and older
Fetlife People who are into BDSM &0000000000032500.00000032,500[42] Open to people "of [legal] age to see adult content" &0000000000054198.00000054,198[43]
Filmaffinity Movies and TV Series &0000000000250000.000000250,000[44] Open &0000000000004082.0000004,082[45]
FledgeWing Entrepreneural community targeted towards worldwide university students. &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to university students
Flickr Photo sharing, commenting, photography related networking, worldwide &0000000032000000.00000032,000,000[48] Open to people 13 and older. &0000000000000037.00000037[49]
Flixster Movies &0000000063000000.00000063,000,000[46] Open to people 13 and older &0000000000000309.000000309[47]
Fotolog Photoblogging. Popular in South America and Spain. &0000000020000000.00000020,000,000[50] Open &0000000000000057.00000057[51]
Friends Reunited UK based. School, college, work, sport and streets &0000000019000000.00000019,000,000[52] Open to people 13 and older. &0000000000008052.0000008,052[53]
Friendster General. Popular in Southeast Asia. No longer popular in the western world. &0000000090000000.00000090,000,000[54] Open to people 16 and older. No children allowed. &0000000000000093.00000093[55]
Frühstückstreff General &0000000000014800.000000 Open
Fubar dating, an "online bar" for 18 and older &0000000001200000.0000001,200,000[56] Open &0000000000002609.0000002,609[57]
Gaia Online Anime and games &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 13 and older
GamerDNA Computer and video games &0000000000310000.000000310,000[58] Open
Gather.com Article, picture, and video sharing, as well as group discussions &0000000000465000.000000465,000[59] Open
Geni.com Families, genealogy &0000000015000000.00000015,000,000[60] Open
Gogoyoko Fair play in Music - Social networking site for musicians and music lovers &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Invite only while in beta &0000000000089513.00000089,513[61]
Goodreads Library cataloging, book lovers &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open &0000000000005305.0000005,305[62]
Gossipreport.com Anonymous gossip &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 16 and older
Grono.net Poland &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Habbo General for teens. Over 31 communities worldwide. Chat Room and user profiles. &0000000117000000.000000117,000,000[63][64][65] Open to people 13 and older &0000000000004050.0000004,050[66]
hi5 General. Popular in India,Portugal, Mongolia, Thailand, Romania, Jamaica, Central Africa and Latin America. Not popular in the USA. &0000000080000000.00000080,000,000[67] Open to people 13 and older. No children allowed. &0000000000000027.00000027[68]
Hospitality Club Hospitality &0000000000328629.000000328,629[69] Open
Hyves General, Most popular in the Netherlands. &0000000008000000.0000008,000,000[70] Open &0000000000000216.000000216[71]
ibibo Talent based social networking site that allows to promote one's self and also discover new talent. Most popular in India. &0000000003500000.0000003,500,000[72] Open &0000000000000841.000000841[73]
imeem Music, Video, Photos, Blogs &0000000024000000.00000024,000,000[74] Open &0000000000000140.000000140[75]
Indaba Music Online music collaboration, remix contests. Users in 175 countries. &0000000000125000.000000125,000[76] Open &0000000000062781.00000062,781[77]
InterNations International community &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Invite-only &0000000000030147.00000030,147[80]
IRC-Galleria Finland &0000000000505000.000000505,000[78] Open to Finnish speaking people 12 and older
italki.com Language learning social network. 100+ languages. &0000000000450000.000000450,000 Open. Global. &0000000000015500.00000015,500[79]
itsmy Mobile community worldwide, blogging, friends, personal TV-shows &0000000002500000.0000002,500,000[81]
iWiW Hungary &0000000004000000.0000004,000,000[82] Invite-only
Jaiku General. Owned by Google. &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 13 and older.
Jammer Direct Creative resource website &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to the General Public
kaioo General, nonprofit &0000000000030000.00000030,000[83]
Kaixin001 General. In Simplified Chinese; caters for mainland China users &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to the General Public
Kiwibox General. For the users, by the users, a social network that is more than a community. &0000000002400000.0000002,400,000[84] Open to people 13 and older. &0000000000022693.00000022,693[85]
Last.fm Music &0000000030000000.00000030,000,000[86] Open to people 13 and older &0000000000000262.000000262[87]
LibraryThing Book lovers &0000000000400000.000000400,000[88] Open to people 13 and older
lifeknot Shared interests, hobbies &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 18 and older.
LinkedIn General but mainly business &0000000043000000.00000043,000,000[89] Open to people 18 and older. &0000000000000192.000000192[90]
LiveJournal Blogging &0000000017564977.00000017,564,977[91] Open (OpenID) &0000000000000056.00000056[92]
Livemocha Online language learning - dynamic online courses in 22 languages - world’s largest community of native language speakers. &0000000003000000.0000003,000,000[93] Open &0000000000005505.0000005,505[94]
LunarStorm Sweden &0000000001200000.000000[95] Open
MEETin General &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Meettheboss Business and Finance community, worldwide. Open
Meetup.com General. Used to plan offline meetings for people interested in various activities. &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 18 and older.
Mixi Japan &0000000024323160.00000024,323,160[96] Invite-only &0000000000000090.00000090[97]
mobikade mobile community, UK only &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 18 and older
MocoSpace mobile community, worldwide &0000000003000000.0000003,000,000[98] Open to people 14 and older
MOG Music &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 14 and older
Multiply "Real world" relationships. Popular in Asia. Not popular in the western world. &0000000010000000.00000010,000,000[99] Open to people 13 and older. No children allowed. &0000000000000150.000000150[100]
Muxlim Muslim portal site &0000000000050000.00000050,000[101] Open to people 13 and older &0000000000094338.00000094,338[102]
MyAnimeList Anime themed social community &0000000000160000.000000160,000[103] Open to people 13 and older &0000000000004500.0000004,500[104]
MyChurch Christian Churches &0000000000144295.000000144,295[105] Open &0000000000033621.00000033,621[106]
MyHeritage family-oriented social network service &0000000030000000.00000030,000,000 [107] Open &0000000000004735.0000004,735[108]
MyLife Locating friends and family, keeping in touch (formerly Reunion.com) &0000000051000000.00000051,000,000[109] Open &0000000000002311.0000002,311[110]
MyLOL General. Popular in the United States, Europe and Australia. &0000000000032000.00000032,000[111] Open to ages 13 and up. &0000000000253145.000000253,145[112]
MySpace General. &0000000263920102.000000263,920,102[not in citation given][113] Open to ages 13 and up. &0000000000000011.00000011[87]
myYearbook General &0000000005100000.0000005,100,000[114] Open to age 13 and up & Grades 9 and up &0000000000000894.000000894[115]
Nasza-klasa.pl School, college and friends. Popular in Poland. &0000000012000000.00000012,000,000[116] Open
Netlog General. Popular in Europe and Québec province. Formerly known as Facebox and Redbox. &0000000050000000.00000050,000,000[117] Open to people 13 and older &0000000000000102.000000102[118]
Nettby Norwegian Community. &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Nexopia Canada &0000000001400000.0000001,400,000[119] Open to people 14 and older &0000000000004362.0000004,362[120]
Ning Users create their own social websites and social networks &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 13 and older &0000000000000566.000000566[121]
Odnoklassniki General. Popular in Russia and former Soviet republics &0000000040000000.00000040,000,000[122] Open &0000000000000042.00000042[123]
OkCupid Social networking and dating &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 18 and older
OneClimate Not for Profit Social networking and Climate Change &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to People of all ages and locations
OneWorldTV Not for Profit Video sharing and social networking aimed at people interested in social issues, development, environment, etc. &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Open Diary First online blogging community, founded in 1998. &0000000005000000.0000005,000,000[124] Open to people 13 and older &0000000000025713.00000025,713[125]
Orkut Owned by Google. Popular in Pakistan , India and Brazil. &0000000067000000.00000067,000,000[126] Open to people 18 and older, (Google login) &0000000000000112.000000112[127]
OUTeverywhere Gay/LGBTQ Community &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Passportstamp Travel &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Pingsta Collaborative platform for the world's Internetwork Experts &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Invite-only, only Internet Experts
Plaxo Aggregator &0000000015000000.00000015,000,000[128] Open
Playahead Swedish, Danish,Norwegian teenagers &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Playboy U Online college community &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to college students with .edu e-mail address
Plurk Micro-blogging, RSS, updates &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open &0000000000027061.00000027,061[129]
Present.ly Enterprise social networking and micro-blogging &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Qapacity A a business-oriented social networking site and a business directory &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 16 and older &0000000000108745.000000108,745[130]
quarterlife A social network for artists, filmmakers, musicians, and creative people &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 14 and older
Ravelry Knitting and crochet &0000000000331000.000000331,000[131] Invite-only while in beta
ResearchGATE Social network for scientific researchers &0000000000100000.000000100,000 Open
Reverbnation Social network for musician and bands &0000000000025000.00000025,000 Open to people 16 and older
Ryze Business &0000000000500000.000000500,000[132] Open &0000000000020162.00000020,162[133]
scispace.net Collaborative network site for scientists &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 By invitation, but can request an invitation
Shelfari Books &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Skyrock Social Network in French-speaking world &0000000022000000.00000022,000,000[134] Open &0000000000000041.00000041[135]
SocialGO A social network builder that allows users to build their own online communities &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open to people 18 and older. &0000000000008457.0000008,457[136]
SocialVibe Social Network for Charity &0000000000435000.000000435,000 Open
Sonico.com General. Popular in Latin America and Spanish and Portuguese speaking regions. &0000000017000000.00000017,000,000[137][138] Open to people 13 and older. &0000000000000297.000000297[139]
Soundpedia Music Open &0000000000154672.000000154,672[140]
Stickam Live video streaming and chat. &0000000002000000.0000002,000,000[141] Open
StudiVZ University students, mostly in the German-speaking countries. School students and those out of education sign up via its partner sites SchulerVZ and Meinvz. &0000000014000000.00000014,000,000[142] Open
Tagged.com General &0000000070000000.00000070,000,000[143] Open &0000000000000094.00000094[144]
Talkbiznow Business networking Open &0000000000395824.000000395,824[145]
Taltopia Online artistic community &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
TravBuddy.com Travel &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Travellerspoint Travel &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
tribe.net General &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open &0000000000003517.0000003,517[146]
Trombi.com French subsidiary of Classmates.com &0000000004400000.0000004,400,000[147]
Tuenti.com Spanish-based university and High School social network. Very Popular in Spain &0000000004500000.0000004,500,000 Invite-only &0000000000000587.000000587[148]
Tumblr General. Micro-blogging, RSS &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open &0000000000000587.000000587[149]
Twitter General. Micro-blogging, RSS, updates &0000000044500000.00000044,500,000[150] Open &0000000000000015.00000015[151]
V Kontakte Russian social network. &0000000042015000.00000042,015,000[152] Open &0000000000000029.00000029[153]
Vampirefreaks Gothic and industrial subculture &0000000001931049.0000001,931,049[154] Open to users 13 and over
Viadeo European Social Networking and Campus Networking in Seven Languages &0000000006000000.0000006,000,000[155] Open
Vox Blogging &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open &0000000000001549.0000001,549[156]
Wakoopa For computer fans that want to discover new software and games. &0000000000100000.000000100,000 Open
Wasabi General &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
WAYN Travel and lifestyle &0000000010000000.00000010,000,000[157] Open to people 18 and older &0000000000000823.000000823[158]
WebBiographies Genealogy and biography &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Windows Live Spaces Blogging (formerly MSN Spaces) &0000000120000000.000000120,000,000[159] Open NA (Alexa only records data for second-level domains)
WiserEarth Online community space for the social justice and environmental movement[160] &0000000000028300.00000028,300[161] Open to people 18 and older &0000000000080992.00000080,992[162]
Xanga Blogs and "metro" areas &0000000027000000.00000027,000,000[163] Open &0000000000000230.000000230[164]
Xiaonei Significant site in China &0000000015000000.00000015,000,000[165] Open
XING Business (primarily Europe (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) and China) &0000000007000000.0000007,000,000[166] Open &0000000000001814.0000001,814[167]
Xt3 Catholic social networking, created after World Youth Day 2008 Open
Yammer Social networking for office colleagues &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Must have company email
Yelp, Inc. Local Business Review and Talk &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Youmeo UK Social Network (focus on data portability) &-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1.000000 Open
Zoo.gr Greek Web Meeting point &0000000000890000.000000890,000[168] Open &0000000000005634.0000005,634[169]
Sumber : Wikipedia.com

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